The costs a launch has to fund
A launch budget is not one number, it is a stack of them. The entity and trademark costs from the earlier guides land first; samples follow, so you can hold the product before you order it. Then the first inventory run, the freight and duties to land it, the listing assets that sell it — photography above all — and the advertising that drives early velocity. Each line is separate, and each is easy to underestimate.
Budget every category before you commit to any of them. A quote for the units is only the visible cost. Freight, duties, imagery, and launch spend are just as real, and a budget that covers the inventory but not the traffic to move it leaves you with a shelf of stock and no way to sell it.
Fund validation before you fund scale
Treat the first order as an experiment, not a commitment. The common advice to launch aggressively with full inventory assumes the product already works — but you do not know that yet, and a large first order turns an unproven idea into a large loss. A small first run buys the same information for far less, and lets you test more than one idea at a time.